Introduction: Bombesin (BN), a 14-amino acid neuropeptide, shows high affinity for the human GRP (gastrin releasing peptide) receptors, which are overexpressed by a variety of cancers, including prostate, breast, pancreas, gastrointestinal, and small cell lung cancer. Aim was to prepare [6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC0), D-Tyr6, D-Trp8] - BN [6-14] NH2 that could be easily labeled with 99mTc and evaluation of its potential as an imaging agent.Methods: Synthesis of the peptide amide was carried out onto Rink Amide MBHA (4-Methylbenzhydrylamine) resin. A bifunctional chelating agent (BFCA) was attached to the N terminal peptide in solid-phase. 99mTc labeling was performed by addition of sodium pertechnetate to solution that include [HYNIC0, D-Tyr6, D-Trp8] Bombesin [6-14] NH2, tricine, ethylenediamine-N, N′-diacetic acid (EDDA) and SnCl2. Radiochemical evaluation was carried out by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC). In-vitro internalization was tested using human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) with blocked and non-blocked receptors. Biodistribution was determined in rats. Results: [99mTc/tricine/EDDA-HYNIC0, D-Tyr6, D-Trp8] bombesin [6-14] NH2 was obtained with radiochemical purities >98%. Results of in-vitro studies demonstrated a high stability in serum and suitable internalization. Biodistribution data showed a rapid blood clearance, with renal excretion and specific binding towards GRP receptor-positive tissues such as pancreas.Conclusion: In this study, labeling of this novel conjugate with 99mTc easily was performed using coligand. The prepared 99mTc-HYNIC-BN conjugate has promising characteristics for the diagnosis of malignant tumors.

This paper presents the results of an axial pressure test on reinforced concrete columns made of high-strength concrete, which are encapsulated using a glass-fiber reinforced plastic pipes (GRP) and also with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP). The purpose of this study was to investigate the load bearing behavior of concrete columns enclosed with GRP casings and CFRP composites under compressive loads. In this research, the effect of using the GRP casings, CFRP sheets, and also the number of CFRP layers has been investigated. In this research, six circular reinforced concrete columns were manufactured from high-strength concrete, half of columns (group 1) had a GRP casing and the other half (group 2) without casing. From each group, a column had no CFRP reinforcement layer, a column with one layer and another column with two layers of CFRP reinforcement. All columns were tested under concentrated compressive force. The results showed that the use of CFRP sheets and GRP casings improved the compressive strength and durability of the reinforced columns. The addition of a layer and two layers of CFRP increased an average of 10. 2% and 24. 8% in compressive strength, while the use of a GRP casing increased averagely 3. 83 times in compressive strength of the columns. The results indicate that although the CFRP sheets and the GRP casings are both enclosed, the GRP casings, due to their greater enclosure, have a much greater effect on the compressive strength and the ductility of the reinforced concrete columns.

Background and Aim: Bombesin shows high affinity for Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptors which over expressed on the cell surfaces of several human tumors particularly in prostate and breast cancers. The aim of this study was labeling of designed analogue with 99mTc via HYNIC and Tricine /EDDA and evaluation as potential targeted tumor scintigraphic agent.Methods: HYNIC-Bombesin was prepared by solid phase synthesis using Fmoc strategy and radiolabeled with 99mTc at 100oC for 10 min by exchange method and radiochemical analysis involved ITLC and HPLC methods. The stability of radiopeptide was checked in the presence of human serum at 37oC up to 24 h. Internalization was studied with the human GRP receptor cell line PC-3. Biodistribution study was performed in mice.Results: Radiochemical purities of >98% was obtained. Radiopeptide showed high stability in serum. Radioligand internalization into PC-3 cells was high and specific. Biodistribution study demonstrated that 99mTc-HYNIC peptide cleared fast from blood and most non-targeted tissues and was excreted mainly by renal pathway and was uptake significantly in GRPr positive tissues such as pancreas.Conclusion: Easy radiolabeling of peptide conjugate together with favorable in vitro and in vivo characteristics might be a useful peptide radiopharmaceutical in diagnosis of GRPr positive tumors.

In this study, the capacity, rupture and ductility of circular reinforced concrete columns reinforced with glass-fibre reinforced plastic pipes and carbon-fibres reinforced plastic, under eccentric load was checked. The effects of eccentricity, casing, twist and number of layers on the behaviour of the columns were evaluated. Eighteen circular columns with and without casings, with diameters and heights of 150 and 600 mm, respectively, were subjected to axial loads with eccentricity of 20 and 50 mm, and the effects of GRP and CFRP as the enclosing factors of the columns were investigated. The results showed that the use of casing and twist separately and simultaneously causes a significant increase in the compressive capacity of the columns. On average, the addition of one layer and two twisted layers with and without casing, increased their capacity by 24%, 34%, 6. 3% and 12%, respectively. The number of twisting layers did not have much effect on the ultimate compressive capacity in the columns with casing,while the casing increased the compressive capacity of the columns by 3. 5 times on average. Rupture occurred in columns without casing mostly locally and gradually, and in columns with casings completely,the cause can be attributed to the very high degree of enclosure caused by the casing. The use of casing increased the ductility of reinforced concrete columns by a large amount, so that the average increase in axial displacement in columns with casing compared to similar columns without casing, was 399%.